Volatile Lubricants Injected Through Laser Drilled Micro Holes Enable Efficiently Hydrocarbon-Free Lubrication for Deep Drawing Processes

Real-time depth measurement for micro-holes drilled by lasers

An optical system based on the confocal principle has been developed for real-time precision measurements of the depth of micro-holes during the laser drilling process. The capability of the measuring system is theoretically predicted by the Gaussian lens formula and experimentally validated to achieve a sensitivity of 0.5 μm. A nanosecond laser system was used to drill holes, and the hole dept...

Lubrication and Lubricants

Ladd – Laser Assisted Deep Drawing

In the current work, cup drawing experiments with laser assistance are presented where only selected areas of the work piece have been heated up. Since the strongest deformations occur at the outer circumference of the blank, only that area has been heated up by a defocused laser beam. Selective laser heating of the work pieces was performed by diode as well as Nd:YAG laser radiation. The formi...

From Deep Holes to Free Planes

During the last decades, by applying techniques from Number Theory, Combinatorics and Measure Theory, remarkable progress has been made in the study of deep holes, free planes and related topics in packings of convex bodies, especially in lattice ball packings. Meanwhile, some fascinating new problems have been proposed. To stimulate further research in related areas, we will review the main re...

Deep drawing of 304 L Steel Sheet using Vegetable oils as Forming Lubricants

The study involves the evaluation of deep drawing process using two non edible oils, Pongam (Pongammia pinnata) and Jatropha (Jatropha carcass) as metal forming lubricants. Experiments are conducted on 304L steel sheets under the raw and modified oils with suitable punch and die on a hydraulic press of 200 ton capacity. The punch load, draw-in-length and wall thickness distribution for deep dra...